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91.
Andrew Green Chloe Dafkin Samantha Kerr Warrick McKinon 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(8):994-1003
Scrummaging is a major component of Rugby Union gameplay. Successful scrummaging is dependent on the coordination of the forward players and the strength of the eight individuals. The study aim was to determine whether individual scrummaging kinetics and other candidate factors associated with scrummaging performance discriminate team scrum performances. Sixteen club-level forwards (stature: 1.80?±?0.1?m; mass: 99.0?±?18.2?kg) were initially divided into two scrummaging packs. A total of 10 various scrum permutations were tested, where players were randomly swapped between the two packs. Winning scrums were determined by two observers on opposite sides of the scrum. Fatigue (100?mm visual analogue scale (VAS)) and scrummaging effort (6–20 rating of perceived exertion (RPE)) were assessed following each scrum contest. Individual scrummaging kinetics were acquired through an instrumented scrum ergometer and muscular power indicated through vertical jump heights. Student’s t-tests were used to differentiate between winning and losing scrum packs. VAS and RPE were assessed using repeated measures ANOVAs. Winning scrum packs had significantly larger combined force magnitudes (p?<?.002), regardless of the player contribution calculations. Additionally, winning packs had less individual movement (p?=?.033) and higher combined vertical jump heights (p?<?.001) but were not significantly heavier (p?=?.759) than losing scrum packs. While perceived VAS and RPE values progressively increased (p?<?.001), no differences in the individual scrum magnitudes were observed between the 1st and 10th scrum (p?=?.418). The results indicated that the combination of individual forces, variation in movement and factors related to scrummaging performance, such as vertical jump height, were associated with team scrummaging success. 相似文献
92.
采用文献研究结合逻辑分析的方法,从竞技体育行业特殊性及其刑法规制争议性出发,结合国内外相关案例,通过对刑法规制的损益分析,从支持刑法规制的角度,提出了认定竞技体育故意伤害行为是否触犯刑法的具体判断标准及步骤,即应当严格遵循“客观不法+主观有责”两步判断法,在主客观重合的范围内判断该行为是否构成犯罪,必要时考虑该行为损害的法益是否受刑法保护,从而更好地进行个案平衡。 相似文献
93.
Till Koopmann Yvonne Steggemann-Weinrich Jochen Baumeister 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2017,88(3):365-370
Purpose: In sports games, coaches often use tactic boards to present tactical instructions during time-outs (e.g., 20 s to 60 s in basketball). Instructions should be presented in a way that enables fast and errorless information processing for the players. The aim of this study was to test the effect of different orientations of visual tactical displays on observation time and execution performance. High affordances in visual-spatial transformation (e.g., mental rotation processes) might impede information processing and might decrease execution performance with regard to the instructed playing patterns. Method: In a within-subjects design with 1 factor, 10 novice students were instructed with visual tactical instructions of basketball playing patterns with different orientations either showing the playing pattern with low spatial disparity to the players’ on-court perspective (basket on top) or upside down (basket on bottom). Results: The self-chosen time for watching the pattern before execution was significantly shorter and spatial accuracy in pattern execution was significantly higher when the instructional perspective and the real perspective on the basketball court had a congruent orientation. Conclusion: The effects might be explained by interfering mental rotation processes that are necessary to transform the instructional perspective into the players’ actual perspective while standing on the court or imagining themselves standing on the court. According to these results, coaches should align their tactic boards to their players’ on-court viewing perspective. 相似文献
94.
Bartosz Prabucki 《国际体育史杂志》2017,34(10):943-956
AbstractThe Basques are a nation living in the Basque Country – a territory that is divided between two states – France and Spain. Isolated in the mountainous terrain they have preserved their original culture and collective identity. However, they still need to struggle for recognition, using some elements of their own culture to promote their identity and reject their status as a peripheral region of Spain or France. One of such elements is sport, especially so-called ‘traditional sports’ which this nation has preserved over centuries. The aim of this paper is thus to analyze one example of such a sport – Basque ball and its historical and present situation, connections with other elements of culture and its socio-cultural importance for the Basques. 相似文献
95.
Fiona Skillen 《国际体育史杂志》2017,34(5-6):437-441
AbstractIn this article, I reflect on my journey into sports history and my career path so far. I also discuss my experiences as part of the British Society of Sports History. 相似文献
96.
Austin Duckworth 《国际体育史杂志》2017,34(11):1112-1127
AbstractFrom 1962 to 1968, the United States Government along with private entities funded the training of athletes from developing nations through a non-profit organization named Sports International. Led by former Peace Corps member David Dichter, Sports International sought to enhance America’s image in Africa, Latin America, and Asia. The initial aim of the programme was to train athletes to compete at the 1964 Olympic Games in Tokyo. The theory behind Sports International centred on the notion that helping developing nations achieves athletic success would influence them to view the United States more favourably. The idea to form Sports International came in the midst of the Cold War as the United States and the Soviet Union battled on a multitude of fronts. This article argues that American leaders worried about the presence of the Soviet Union in developing countries and sought ways to maximize American influence in those areas. The theory of soft power, a concept most prominently explicated by American international relations theorist Joseph Nye, forms the framework for this study. By analysing Sports International through this lens, this article demonstrates several problems which might ensure should one overemphasize the effect of sport on a nation’s soft power. 相似文献
97.
98.
摘要:为科学预测和控制学校体育场地设施对社会开放的安全风险,运用文献资料法、访谈法、案例分析法、问卷调查法和数理统计法对学校体育场地设施对社会开放过程中出现的安全风险因素进行研究。基于90个开放案例的事故树分析,识别出开放过程中的物、人、制度和环境4大类,共30个安全风险因素;通过巴雷托分析法和风险矩阵分析法评估出运动场地、运动器材设施,锻炼者、管理者4类关键安全风险因素11个;针对关键安全风险因素,提出引入第三方管理,分时、分类、分阶段开放,与社区合作、加强社区居民的管理,多元主体协同供给体育指导、咨询服务等事前风险预防措施;引入开放风险保险制度,设立开放风险专项基金制度的事后风险转移措施。以期能解决学校体育场地设施对社会开放过程中面临的实际问题,推进学校体育场地设施资源共享,促进全民健身事业的发展。 相似文献
99.
Heather L. Dichter 《国际体育史杂志》2017,34(5-6):335-339
AbstractWhile at first unintentional, the author’s path to becoming a sport historian has incorporated her academic trajectory of sport and German/European history along with working in the sport industry. These experiences have benefited both her scholarly research and her teaching and experiential learning opportunities for students in sport management programs. 相似文献
100.